Thursday, December 26, 2019

Frankenstein and Blade Runner Comparative Analysis

â€Å"The chief obstacle to the progress of the human race is the human race† (Don Marquis). The acquirement of knowledge, and the subsequent progress of technology devoid of ethical and moral influence, destructively impact upon humanity’s core. This innate yearning to excel has led to the evolution of technology and the subsequent devolution of humanity. Inevitably, the threat of technology exceeding humanity has provoked a sense of apprehension within certain composers who, while subject to their surrounding context, effectively explore the elements which constitute humanity and convey similar warnings regarding the future of mankind through the use of representations within varying forms of texts. The novel Frankenstein (F) by Mary Shelly†¦show more content†¦Scott’s focus upon the Asian ethnicity, as seen via the giant visual of the Japanese girl, alludes to the western fear of cultural displacement and the continuous advertising of â€Å"the chanc e to begin again† on off world colonies highlights the issue of over population. Scott utilised a distinct film noir overlay to symbolise the dark uncertainty created when scientific progress leads to a regression of humanity as opposed to its advancement. The objective of scientific advancement within both texts can be separated into two categories; that of noble intensions and that of personal greed. Although the creators in both texts aim to push the boundaries of nature, Tyrell’s ruling ideology is profit as seen when he states, â€Å"commerce is our goal here at Tyrell. More human than human is our motto.† Tyrell’s dominance is established immediately within the Hades scene as the fires from his Aztec-like buildings are reflected by the eye. The irony of the Tyrell buildings reminiscing Aztec temples, in combination with the symbolism of the eye belying not a soul but the destruction of natural laws, epitomises the near total loss of humanity and ascendancy of ‘progress’. Tyrell’s prevailing position is again highlighted through the enormity of his office, as well as the contrast to the teeming populace in the streets below. While Victor’s emotions fuel hisShow MoreRelatedMary Shelle ys Novel Frankenstein and Ridley Scotts Movie Blade Runner: A Comparative Analysis1193 Words   |  5 PagesBoth Mary Shelleys 1818 novel Frankenstein and the Ridley Scotts 1982 movie Blade Runner depict a bleak future about the fallen dreams of science. Blade Runner is based on a novel called Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep by Philip K. Dick. Although Frankenstein was written a century and a half before Dicks book, the two stories share a similar dystopic vision of humanitys future. They also use similarly structured storytelling to explain the impetus towards self-mastery and mastery over the

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

The Spanish Colony, La Isabela Essay - 615 Words

La Isabela is known to be the first European colony in the new world. It is named after Queen Isabela. The expedition was lead Christopher Columbus and accompanied by about 1500 men along with supplies such as livestock, seeds for planting crops, and tool and supplies necessary to establish a colony. The expedition was lead in 1493, after Christopher Columbus first voyage from 1491-1492. When he first landed on the east bank of the Bajabonico River he encountered the Tiano Indians. He took some gold from the Tiano to convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabela to fund a second, larger expedition. King Ferdinand and Queen Isabela were convinced after seeing the gold. The main purpose of the expedition was to provide a foot hold in†¦show more content†¦Not able to find much gold in interior of the island, he set up a fort for future expeditions. When he returned to La Isabela, he found the colony in terrible condition. The colony had experienced a hurricane, crop failure, dise ase, and conflict with the native Taino tribe. Life was unbearable for the people. Columbus later set out looking for the main land of China, leaving his brother Diego in charge. During Columbus absence the colony had fallen into confusion. Besides the growing discontent of many of the colonists, the natives were in insurrection - provoked, as it appeared, by the ravages and cruelties of the whites. When Christopher Columbus returned, he was terribly ill. He wrote to the King and Queen about enslaving the natives, especially the Caribs. Even though the King and Queen refused to let him enslave the natives, he took 1600 Arawak’s as slaves. He sent 560 of them back to Spain. Half of the natives died, and the remaining natives were shipped right back and released. The commander at Santo Tomas was accused for cruelty to the native, but Columbus himself in his Memorial of 30 January, 1494, commends the conduct of that officer. He sent him reinforcements, which were used to capture the native. Unable to figure out what really happened and the statues of the natives, the sovereigns decided to send someone to investigate. They chose Juan de Aguado, someone who had gone with Columbus on his first voyage and with whom he had always been onShow MoreRelatedEhtnic Conflict between Dominican Republic and Haiti Essay2244 Words   |  9 Pagesfor the Spanish crown, of which he was promised 10%. December 12 marked the founding of a temporary settlement called La Concepcion in the northeast part of the island. After exploring the island and meeting the Taino chieftains of Hispaniola, Columbus decided to head back to Spain, taking back samples that depicted life in the New World. Along with items like tobacco, pineapples, hammocks and peppers, Columbus also took a group of Taino Indians and put them on display for the royal Spanish court,Read MoreThe History Of The Dominican Republic:. The Dominican Republic1281 Words   |  6 Pagesthe year of 1493, Columbus had a second voyage and the colony of La Isabela was built and later in 1496 Santo Domingo was built. Throughout the centuries there were many transitions within the Island and many events and revolutions that occurred. In the sixteenth century, thousands of the Tainos that lived on the island were then forced to become slaves. They were enslaved to work in the gold mines of the island through forced labor. The Spanish Monarchs granted permission to the colonist of the CaribbeanRead MoreNative American And European Interaction2185 Words   |  9 PagesNorth America and provide simple awareness of their cultures, while the second part of this essay will explore all major Native American contact leading up to, and through, the American Revolution while emphasizing the impact of Spanish, French, and English explorers and colonies on Native American culture and vice versa. The third, and final, part of this essay will explore Native American interaction after the American Revolution with emphasis on westward expansion and the Jacksonian Era leading intoRead MoreThe Rise of Filipino Nationalism3515 Words   |  15 Pagesplot against Spanish colonial rule by the datus of Manila and some towns of Bulacan and Pampanga. It was led by Agustin de Legazpi, nephew of Lakandula, and his first cousin, Martin Pangan.The uprising failed when they were denounced to the Spanish authorities by Antonio Surabao (Susabau) of Calamianes Cause Regain Lost Freedom 4. Magalat’s Revolt, Cagayan (1596) led by Magalat, a Filipino rebel from Cagayan. He had been arrested in Manila for inciting rebellion against the Spanish. He was laterRead More4 Voyages Of Christopher Columbus3767 Words   |  16 PagesMondejar 1 Arnold Mondejar Professor Afzali Spanish History 127 04 December, 2014 4 Voyages of Christopher Columbus Summary Nothing in human progress is ever achieved with unanimous consent. Individuals that are enlighten before the others, are condemned to pursue that light despite the perception of others. There was a time when the new world did not exist, and the sun set in the west where no man dare to have dreamt to venture to. Beyond that, was considered to be infinity, and of possibilitiesRead MoreChristopher Columbus And His Personal Life1815 Words   |  8 PagesSanta Maria sank on Christmas morning 1492 and had to be abandoned. He was found by the native Guacanagari, who gave him access to leave some of his men behind. The Nià ±a could not hold all of the crew, so Columbus was forced to leave over 40 men at La Navidad to await for his return. Now only having one ship, Columbus continued along the coast of Hispaniola, and that’s when he came upon the Pinta on January 6, but were separated again by a horrible storm in the North Atlantic on February 14; ColumbusRead MoreChristopher Columb us And His Personal Life2023 Words   |  9 Pageson Christmas morning 1492 and had to be abandoned. He was received by the native Guacanagari, who gave him permission to leave some of his men behind. The Nià ±a could not hold all of the remaining crew, so Columbus was forced to leave about 40 men at La Navidad to await his return from Spain. Now down to just one ship, Columbus continued eastward along the coast of Hispaniola, and was surprised when he came upon the Pinta on January 6. , but were again separated by a fierce storm in the North AtlanticRead MoreIntroduction Hacienda Luisita2919 Words   |  12 Pages26, 1881 by a Spaniard from Santander, Cantabria and Santiago de Cuba, Don Antonio Là ³pez y Là ³pez. He was the first Marques de Comillas and was famous for being an associate of the first Spanish Prime Minister with foreign blood, the Spanish-Filipino mestizo Don Marcelo Azcà ¡rraga y Palmero. His relative on his Spanish side, Ricardo Padilla, married Gloria Zà ³b el y Montojo (younger half sister of Mercedes Zà ³bel de Ayala de McMicking, largest Zà ³bel owner in the Ayala group of companies) and was an aide-de-campRead MoreTimeline of Philippine History6991 Words   |  28 PagesPhilippines. The Expedition succeeds | | February 2 | Villalobos  arrives in the Philippines and names the islands of  Samar  and  Leyte  as Las Islas Filipinas in honor of the crown prince of Spain,  Philip  of Asturias | 1565 | February 13 | Miguel Là ³pez de Legazpi  arrives in the Philippines with four ships and 380 men | | 8 May | Legazpi  established the first permanent  Spanish  settlement in the country | | | Philippines was governed as a territory of the Viceroyalty of New Spain. | 1567 | | Dagami Revolt

Monday, December 9, 2019

Kansas City Hyatt Walkway Collapse free essay sample

Dozens stood on the walkways. At 7:05 PM, the walkways on the second, third, and fourth floor were packed with visitors as they watched over the active lobby, which was also full of people. The fourth floor bridge was suspended directly over the second floor bridge, with the third floor walkway set off to the side several meters away from the other two. Construction issues led to a subtle but flawed design change that doubled the load on the connection between the fourth floor walkway support beams and the tie rods carrying the weight of the second floor walkway. This new design could barely handle the dead load weight of the structure itself, much less the weight of the spectators standing on it. The connection failed and both walkways crashed one on top of the other and then into the lobby below, killing 114 people and injuring more than 200 others. Mainbody FIG-1 FIG-2 Originally, the 2nd and 4th floor walkways were to be suspended from the same rod (as shown in fig-1) and held in place by nuts. We will write a custom essay sample on Kansas City Hyatt Walkway Collapse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The preliminary design sketches contained a note specifying a strength of 413 MPa for the hanger rods which was omitted on the final structural drawings. Following the general notes in the absence of a specification on the drawing, the contractor used hanger rods with only 248 MPa of strength. This original design, however, was highly impractical because it called for a nut 6. 1 meters up the hanger rod and did not use sleeve nuts. The contractor modified this detail to use 2 hanger rods instead of one (as shown in fig-2) and the engineer approved the design change without checking it. This design change doubled the stress exerted on the nut under the fourth floor beam. Now this nut supported the weight of 2 walkways instead of just one Conclution FIG-3 FIG-4 Neither the original nor the as-built design for the hanger rod satisfied the Kansas City building code making the connection failure inevitable. If, however, the building design had contained more redundancy this failure may not have resulted in the complete collapse of the walkway. Kaminetzky (1991) suggests two much stronger design alternatives for the connectors. The toe-to-toe channels used in the Hyatt Regency provided for weak welding which allowed the nut to pull through the channel/box beam assembly initiating the collapse. A back-to-back channel design using web stiffeners when necessary (fig-3) or the use of bearing crossplates in conjunction with the toe-to-toe channels (fig-4) would have made the connection much stronger making it much more difficult for the nut to pull through

Monday, December 2, 2019

Marketing Essay - Plastic Bottle Recycling free essay sample

As a result of mitigating global warming, pollution and perishing natural resource to current society, recycling can be only the best solution. Through organized recycling process, the societies round the world can be actually rebuild and preserve natural resources and environment actually or whatever is left of it to original condition (McKenzie-Mohr, Lee, Schultz amp; Kotler, 2012). Thus, it is the right period to do recycling when the environmental issues as global warming and growing fossil fuel fees a now greatly common comparing to preceding periods. Every plastic item that does not recycle will costs people through higher landfill charges. If we want to save our pocket and environment, we need to have a bottles recycling campaign to raise people awareness for this vital issue by using resources in efficiency way. 1. 2 Campaign purpose, focus and impact: Consumers keep getting confusion about what can and cannot be recycled. This gives us the faculty to educate people about plastics recycling and the occasion to eliminate the misperception from the public by explaining about plastic recycling in the understandable way. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Essay Plastic Bottle Recycling or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Normally consumers believe that the racing arrows on the bottom of a plastic goods means a item could be recycled but that is not always truth when normally people will choose not to recycle since they can’t discover the appropriate bin or place to recycle. Thus, the main purpose of this campaign would be raising the awareness of all consumers in Australia market about a considerable amount of waste reduction activities. The performance of suitable recycling initiative could bring desirable influence from this campaign. The core focus of the campaign is to contribute some economical supports in the overall process of recycling and reduction of waste to incentive the audience by reflecting on the commercial viability of the project. The campaign would bring efforts to supply guidance and motivate people to join into recycling by economic benefit such as chucking plastic items into right bin or send it back to recycling drop-off center to earn 10-cent for each item. Dave Landis (2005) discusses that social marketing include the word â€Å"social† that states to quality life affairs which affect to human life such as clean air, good health or other civic concerns. The word â€Å"marketing† in social marketing refers to commercial marketing strategies in raising public participation in activities to improve the quality of life. This campaign also comprises certain measure goals to help in the evaluation of social marketing program when social marketing campaign always is associated with commercial objectives. This social marketing campaign is designed to obtain measurable results and thus apply directly to the goal of this campaign. The outcome of this program will be measured in different forms including the increasing of plastic recycle rate in Sydney by 20%, increase in the quantity of public participation in recycling program and develop the number of consumers who tend to recycle plastic products. 1. 3 Target audience: The campaign will target various and large types of audience such as the non-government agencies, the community members, the management organization of waste, local stores and the people in Australia. This social marketing campaign for bottle recycling will be consumer driven in nature. Thus, the target audience would include all people who are used and served plastic items by the recycling opportunity. 1. 4 Objective and goals: The main messages of the plastic bottle recycling campaign is â€Å"If you care and take your stage to leave your unused plastic bottles into the recycling bin, rather than garbage bin, it is not only good for environment in generally, but better for your wallets too†. Andrew Szasz also (2008) states that if you recycle, you save the planet and the others can love it like you too to impress the correlation between individual activities and the worldwide environment. Therefore, the initial objectives of plastic bottle recycling campaign would be to make society as well as the profit organizations or non-profit organizations believe in the attainable value chain of recycling process for plastic items by emphasizing on the recycling activities combined with the economic motivates. Through this campaign, local government in Australia will encourage 10-cent deposit on beverage containers because it will improve the efficiency of kerbside recycling and reducing cleanup costs for littering. The misbehavior of individuals and organizations in littering and not composting the rubbish is needed to be adjusted. The targeting behavior of the campaign would encourage the whole community members to realize the economic and environment benefits associated with recycling process to each individual life and human life in general. For example, recycling bottle campaign would provide the recognition about its benefits to human life such as conservation of oil, energy, benefits of reuse, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and saving landfill space. Max Liboiron (2009, pp. 4) shows a campaign call Magically Closed Loop that say â€Å"Recycle. It’s good for the bottle. It’s good for the can†. The process of this campaign transforms the purposed from themselves into themselves to retain an interval between environmentally motivated single recycling and its less environmentally sustainable material processes. In addition, the consumers should realize the serious situation as the severity of this issue and understand the significant impact of practice to this problem at the same time. The belief need to be build up to create a strong confidence for people to accept recycling participation as a favorite habit which bring all the best benefit for our Earth. S. M. A. R. T goals stand for Specific, Measureable, Achievable, Relevant and Time bound. The main specific goal of the social marketing campaign for plastic bottle recycling is to improve in the amount of people who tend to change their behavior by participating in recycling actions in Sydney through joining into the program and events of the campaign as to bring the best environmental and economic benefits to public. It will inspire ideas to people about the concept of discipline, responsibility and ethic to environmental issues in collaborated with recycling. This campaign is measureable by calculating the number of people, organizations or businesses that are not ready to achieve recycling behavior and the number of people who ready to perform and attend recycle base on the investigations and interviews. From the researching in NSW, about 20% of drink containers are recycled in Western Australia after the plastic recycling campaign provided with recycling refund scheme (CCWA ,2007). Thus 20% for realistic target could be achieved from this campaign. The target audience of this campaign is appropriate when the actual research show that Australian spend more than half a billion dollars per year on bottled water and only 30 percent of plastic drink bottles are recycled, that figures about 373 million of those bottles will be ended as a waste (Ocean Crusaders, 2013). Target audience therefore should be aware of the significant issues of recycling and understand their important role to society’s interest. The campaign will be published every year from 2013 and evaluated the campaign performance in 2006. Part 2: Barriers, Competition and Influential Others 2. 1 Behavioral change model will employ Advocacy is critical fundamental for public participation in recycling since the recycling initiatives are voluntary behaves of community members, business, nonprofit organizations and states. Thus, the social marketing campaign is useful tool to recycling advocates through by its systematic approach to obtain the goals of advocacy (Dave Landis, p. , 2005). The behavior that the campaign wants to promote recycling activities base on a strategic method to incentive people composting and recycling plastic bottles appropriately and effectively to protect people life and the earth. The self-efficacy theory in associated with social cognitive theory of behavior change model will be implemented into the target audience to assist in the attainment the audiences potential to perform challenging task. In particularly, self-efficacy theory is considered as a thought to be predictive for an effort to maintain behavior change and it is an essential element to establish other theories (Wikipedia, 2013). The combination with social cognitive theory, which focuses on the reciprocal interactions between environmental, personal and behavior elements, creates the main fundamental for target audience to tend to change them to a recycling behavior. The barrier to persuade the target audience in regarding the purpose of this campaign is hard, so that the achievement of self-efficacy should be the prior aim for the target audience. 2. 2 The barriers that target audience may have to approving the desired behavior The main obstacles that the target audiences might suffer are the age of old and traditional practices which adapted by them in such a long period when they do not entirely comprehend the achievability of the campaign. Furthermore, the attitude of people towards the entire process of recycling waste can be seen as interference. Dave Landis (p. 4 2005) describes that to change the imagine of recycling from revulsion to respect was a key gain of initial recycling believers, but inconveniences collaborated with recycling continue to continue a main barrier to public contribution and this should be the principal concentration of social marketing strategy. In fact people may not know about the existence of recycling facilities in their area and they do not even know about the benefits of recycling such as improving quality of air, energy saving and creation of job. People may consider that the activity of recycling seem to be difficulties as inconvenience to take plastic items to drop-off center. They also may think it’s easier to throw every rubbish in the garbage than to place recyclables into a separate container. It is not easy to overcome these barriers but with a well-thought-out and organized project we will be able to step beyond these boundaries. 2. 3 The key benefits that target audience will receive The benefits for target audience from recycling activities divide into various levels base on the segments of audiences. Firstly the individuals would gain a fresher and healthier environment where they live. That means people’s healthy could be improved and helped in avoiding many types of diseases. Secondly, if people tend to be positive with this campaign, they will get benefits economically by the recycling organization from providing quality recyclable plastic materials. For instance, people will earn 10 cent for each plastic bottle when they send them back to drop off center. Moreover, the recycling organizations can be benefited, as they set up systematic process of recyclable production into their production process. The storeowners will gain more profit from displaying and selling the recycled content products. The benefits also contain convertible energy and reserves, decreasing landfill area and producing occupations. Overall, all government and community members would be achieved benefit from the economic vitality of the recycling process. 2. 4 Competing Alternative Behaviors The competing alternative behaviors with the target behavior of this campaign contain the procedure of littering, dumping, and non-composting and the waste of landfill space. Thus, the regular attitude is the ignorance of people toward to the choice of recycling. In fact, there are many kinds of matters that are affecting to human civilization in the association with the waste and recycling management properly. However, the appropriate recycling actions for keeping clean environment mainly depend on the community members’ realization in evaluating how important of relative recycling process. In fact, the inconvenience could be seen as the major issue that creates difficulty for this campaign. In additional, there are some costs that exist visibly as outcomes of competing behavior. They could be treatments cost for health issues to people, which cause by dumping, chucking inappropriately rubbish and filling up lands. There could be also the expenses of removal and opportunity loss of not recycling plastic rubbish. Part 3: Positioning and Marketing Strategies 3. 1 Positioning statement The social marketing campaign purposes to convince community members and local business in Sydney to see participating in recycling program as the best feasible alternative method to improve environment and reduce waste. This is a better way to bring benefits to individuals and to save your Earth than dumping and filling up lands with rubbish. Social marketing comprise two core roles is a social role and a marketing role. â€Å"Social† in social marketing campaign mentions to the value of life concern in recycling because of the increasing of wealth in human life. â€Å"Marketing† in social marketing tends to the consumption of commercial marketing as a strategy to promoting recycling as recycling is considered as a voluntary action of public participation. These two main functions are essential for a social marketing campaign to be successful when social marketers concentrate on selling behavior and commercial marketers pay attention on selling products (Max Liboiron, 2009, pp. 4). Thus, we use â€Å"marketing mix†, which is the four â€Å"Ps† as a commercial marketing tool to help increase recycling behavior through this campaign. 3. 2 Product design and platform The primary product that is presented to sell is selling participation in recycling behavior. The actual product from this campaign would be pursuance nd motivations on making target audience aware of benefits that affect recycling behavior. In fact, social marketing research may not cover benefits that are indirectly linked to the actual recycling activity for different target audience. Therefore the augmented products of this program include numerous types but correlated with instruments applied to promote recycling behaviors (Dave Landis, 2005). The augmented product of plastic recycling campaign would offer economic incentives as receiving 10-cent for each plastic item taking back to drop-off center or in the recycling bin. . 3 Price Price stands for the â€Å"cost† which is incurred by people who engage themselves in recycling. There are many types of costs. Firstly, monetary cost could be the fee for participation in recycling collection project. Secondly, non-monetary incentive from this social marketing campaign could be health improvements and environmental benefits for each community member. On the other hand, there are non-monetary incentives such as efforts and time spending for collecting and storing plastic items to delivery or pick up to a drop-off point. These incurred costs are considered as inconvenience aspects that contribute the main barrier to recycling. It is important for us to understand the costs, which people have to suffer with competing behaviors, because the program can take advantages by applying tools such pay as much as you throw for throwaway behavior (Dave Landis, 2005). 3. 4 Place Place includes two main concerns are the gathering location and the messages connected to use of the location (Dave Landis, 2005). Position could be a drop-off site, a collection point, and the curb for collection opportunities in the street and a special supermarket or retail stock that trades recycled-content goods. Place should be located in convenience points that have accessibility factors such as psychological appeal, time of use, location proximity for recyclable opportunity. Messages related to use of location could be where to establish guidance, instructions and information supplied with instructions to public. 3. 5 Promotion The key concentrate on this campaign is to tempting target audience in order o realize the environmental benefits of recycling activities and the money incentives to delete the inconvenience barriers that people put in. The explanation should demonstrate the visibility and potential of the program to target audience to build up the belief in people’s mind. The campaign also needs to make almost community members realize the severity of the issue at the same time. The main s logan will be highlighted by green color with recycle signal and a plastic bottle. Besides that, animated advertisement through media channel would be used mostly to attract young audience and create a vivid appearance. The message will be transferred to target audience under the slogan is that: â€Å"If you care and take your time to chuck your unused plastic bottles into the recycling bin, it is not only good for environment, but great for your wallets too†. The communication channels such as televisions, magazines and posters would be provided to spread the campaign to audience thoroughly. The campaign will majorly sponsored by the government and non-profit organizations about waste management in Sydney. Reference List Benefit of Recycling, 2013. Recycling Plastic Bottles, lt;http://www. benefits-of-recycling. com/recyclingplasticbottles/gt;. Conservation Council of Western Australia, 2011. Cash for Containers, viewed July 6th 2011, lt;http://ccwa. org. au/content/cash-containersgt;. Landis, Dave, 2005. Social Marketing For Recycling in Ohio. A Guide to Understanding, Planning and Conducting Social Marketing Projects, Ohio Department of Natural Resources. Liboiron, Max. Recycling as a Crisis of Meaning.   Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies, Intersections Conference Journal. 009. McKenzie-Mohr, D. , Lee, N. R. , Schultz, P. W. amp; Kotler, P. (2012). Social Marketing to Protect the Environment: What Works. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Nolan, J. M. , Schultz, P. W. , Cialdini, R. B. , Goldstein, N. J. amp; Griskevicius, V. (2008). Normative Social Influence is Underdetected. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(7), 913-923. Ocean Crusaders, 2013. Plastic Statistics Plastic Aint’s so Fantastic, lt;ht tp://oceancrusaders. org/plastic-crusades/plastic-statistics/gt;. Szasz, Andrew. Shopping Our Way to Safety: How We Changed from Protecting the Environment to Protecting Ourselves. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2007. Wikipedia, 2013. Behavioural Change Theories, viewed 18 March 2013, lt;http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Behavioural_change_theories#Self-efficacygt;. Zac Goldsmith 2012, Waste Minister backs ‘We need your bottles’ campaign, Closed Loop Recycling, UK, viewed 27 June 2012, lt;http://www. closedlooprecycling. co. uk/news/waste-minister-backs-we-need-your-bottles-campaigngt;.